Forklift Alternators and Starters

Forklift Starters and Alternators - A starter motors today is typically a permanent-magnet composition or a series-parallel wound direct current electrical motor together with a starter solenoid mounted on it. As soon as current from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid, basically through a key-operated switch, the solenoid engages a lever which pushes out the drive pinion that is located on the driveshaft and meshes the pinion using the starter ring gear that is seen on the flywheel of the engine.

Once the starter motor starts to turn, the solenoid closes the high-current contacts. As soon as the engine has started, the solenoid consists of a key operated switch that opens the spring assembly to be able to pull the pinion gear away from the ring gear. This action causes the starter motor to stop. The starter's pinion is clutched to its driveshaft by means of an overrunning clutch. This permits the pinion to transmit drive in just a single direction. Drive is transmitted in this particular manner through the pinion to the flywheel ring gear. The pinion remains engaged, like for example as the operator did not release the key when the engine starts or if there is a short and the solenoid remains engaged. This actually causes the pinion to spin separately of its driveshaft.

This above mentioned action prevents the engine from driving the starter. This is an important step because this particular type of back drive will allow the starter to spin so fast that it can fly apart. Unless adjustments were made, the sprag clutch arrangement would stop making use of the starter as a generator if it was employed in the hybrid scheme mentioned prior. Usually a regular starter motor is designed for intermittent use which would stop it being utilized as a generator.

The electrical components are made to be able to operate for approximately 30 seconds so as to avoid overheating. Overheating is caused by a slow dissipation of heat is because of ohmic losses. The electrical components are intended to save cost and weight. This is really the reason the majority of owner's handbooks for automobiles recommend the operator to stop for at least ten seconds after every 10 or 15 seconds of cranking the engine, whenever trying to start an engine that does not turn over immediately.

In the early part of the 1960s, this overrunning-clutch pinion arrangement was phased onto the market. Previous to that time, a Bendix drive was utilized. The Bendix system works by placing the starter drive pinion on a helically cut driveshaft. Once the starter motor begins spinning, the inertia of the drive pinion assembly enables it to ride forward on the helix, therefore engaging with the ring gear. As soon as the engine starts, the backdrive caused from the ring gear enables the pinion to go beyond the rotating speed of the starter. At this point, the drive pinion is forced back down the helical shaft and thus out of mesh with the ring gear.

In the 1930s, an intermediate development between the Bendix drive was made. The overrunning-clutch design which was developed and introduced in the 1960s was the Bendix Folo-Thru drive. The Folo-Thru drive consists of a latching mechanism along with a set of flyweights within the body of the drive unit. This was much better since the standard Bendix drive used to disengage from the ring once the engine fired, although it did not stay running.

When the starter motor is engaged and begins turning, the drive unit is forced forward on the helical shaft by inertia. It then becomes latched into the engaged position. As soon as the drive unit is spun at a speed higher than what is attained by the starter motor itself, for example it is backdriven by the running engine, and after that the flyweights pull outward in a radial manner. This releases the latch and allows the overdriven drive unit to become spun out of engagement, hence unwanted starter disengagement could be prevented previous to a successful engine start.

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